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Web Search 101

People often complain about the poor results returned by search engines.  But consider, for a moment, how you would react if a complete stranger walked up to you and demanded, "Starr report and cigars not conspiracies!" Or "kewl rotating vrml clipart!"  You'd probably murmur something polite and wish them luck finding their way safely back to the asylum.

Yet this is exactly how most people enter terms into search forms.  If search engines ever become truly intelligent they're going to think that humans are completely nuts!

Search Engines vs. Directories

There are two fundamentally different types of search services available on the Web, and it's important to understand the difference between them.

Search engines are actually full-text indexes of Web pages.  They're similar to telephone white pages, which contain nothing more than lots of names with phone numbers.  You won't find a description of a person or what kind of house they live in in the white pages, but they're organized in a way that makes it very easy to look up somebody named "Smith" or "Veerhoven."

Search engine indexes are compiled by software "robots" which voraciously suck millions of pages into the index every day.  When you search an index, you're trying to coax it to find a good match between the keywords you type in and all of the words contained in the index.  In essence, you're relying on a computer to essentially do simple pattern-matching between your query words and the words in the index.  AltaVista, HotBot and Infoseek are examples of indexes.

Directories, on the other hand, are collections of links to Web sites compiled by people, not software robots.  Directories are similar to telephone yellow pages, because they are organized by category or topic, and often contain more information than bare-bones white pages listings.

Directories have the advantage over search engines in that they can be very precise in how they categorize pages.  Many directories annotate their links with descriptions or comments, so you can get an idea of what a site is about before clicking through. LookSmart and Yahoo are examples of directories.

Which Is Better?

The key advantage of an index is size - indexes typically have information on millions and millions of Web pages.  This size, unfortunately, can also be a problem for common subjects.  There's often no way to determine the quality of a link in a results list you get from a search engine's index.

The advantage of a directory is that the links will almost always be of much higher quality, but the scope of the results necessarily will be much smaller than that returned by an index, so you might miss something a search engine might have found.  Another key advantage of directories is that they are organized in a hierarchical format, which lets you "drill down" through subject trees, "browsing" for links in much the same way you browse for books through stacks in a library.

So the answer is that neither is "better" - in general, a search engine is best when you want lots of results, and a directory is better when you want focused results.

Learn To Be A Power Searcher

If you want to get really good at searching, it pays to spend time with a good tutorial that provides lots of examples of different kinds of searches, and the best tools to use to get the results you want.  Here are two excellent searching tutorials, and a glossary to help you learn the meaning of search terms.

Finding Information on the Internet: A Tutorial
From the Teaching Library at UC Berkeley, these outstanding guides offer beginning, intermediate, and advanced sections on using the Internet's resources to find information.  Handouts distributed for the library's drop-in classes are also available.

Power Searching 101
This in-depth Web searching tutorial was created by the developers of Mata Hari, a sophisticated offline meta searching agent.  The tutorial is organized to proceed from the basics to more advanced material, in 12 parts containing 48 topics.  Particularly useful sections cover the use of keywords, advanced operators and query construction, pitfalls to avoid, and a comparison of the major search services.

Glossary of Search Engine Terms
This extensive glossary covers the gamut of specialized language used by search engines.  In addition to providing hyperlinked cross references, there are also links to all of the major search sites on the Web.

If you take the time to go through all of these great searching resources on the Web, you'll be a power searcher in no time.

 

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Copyright © 2001 Introduction to the Internet
Last modified: August 29, 2001